Ever looked at the calendar and wondered, what holiday is Monday, October 13th? If you’re in the United States, that date often lines up with one of the most debated holidays of the year: Columbus Day. But in recent years, many states and cities have chosen to celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead, giving the second Monday in October a whole new meaning.
Why October 13th Matters
In 2025, Monday, October 13th is both Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples’ Day. Here’s why:
Columbus Day has been a federal holiday since 1937, commemorating Christopher Columbus’ arrival in the Americas in 1492.
It’s always observed on the second Monday in October, which means the exact date changes each year.
Indigenous Peoples’ Day was first officially recognized by the U.S. government in 2021, though many communities had already been celebrating it for decades.
Today, the two holidays exist side by side—one honoring Italian-American heritage, the other recognizing the history and resilience of Native peoples.
A Tale of Two Holidays
Columbus Day: Tradition and Controversy
Columbus Day was originally created to honor Italian-American pride and contributions. Parades, festivals, and cultural events are still held in cities like New York and Chicago.
But the holiday has also faced criticism. Columbus’ arrival marked the beginning of colonization, which brought devastating consequences for Indigenous communities. This tension has fueled the rise of Indigenous Peoples’ Day.
Indigenous Peoples’ Day: Honoring Native Voices
Indigenous Peoples’ Day shifts the focus from Columbus to the cultures that existed long before 1492. It’s a day to celebrate Native traditions, languages, and resilience.
Many schools, museums, and cultural centers use the day to highlight Indigenous history and contemporary issues. It’s not a federal holiday yet, but more states adopt it every year.
Did You Know?
The very first Columbus Day celebration in the U.S. was held in 1792 in New York City.
South Dakota was the first state to replace Columbus Day with Native American Day back in 1990.
More than 20 states now officially recognize Indigenous Peoples’ Day in some form.
In Italy, Columbus is still celebrated as a national hero, showing how perspectives differ around the world.
Common Questions About October 13th
Q: Is Columbus Day a federal holiday? Yes, it’s been a federal holiday since 1937, meaning federal offices and many banks close.
Q: Do all states celebrate Columbus Day? No. Some states have replaced it with Indigenous Peoples’ Day, while others observe both.
Q: Why does the date change every year? Because it’s tied to the second Monday in October, not a fixed calendar date.
A Personal Take
I remember growing up with Columbus Day parades in my hometown, but it wasn’t until later that I learned about Indigenous Peoples’ Day. Now, I see October’s second Monday as a chance to reflect on both sides of history. It’s a reminder that holidays aren’t just about a day off—they’re about the stories we choose to tell and the voices we choose to honor.
Wrapping It Up
So, if you’re wondering what holiday is Monday, October 13th, the answer is both Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples’ Day. One looks back at a voyage that changed the world, while the other shines a light on the people who were already here. How do you think we should mark this day—by honoring tradition, rethinking history, or maybe a little of both?